Adrian VI, a dutchman* originally named Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, attempted to begin a counter-reformation, to combat Luther's explosive Protestant movement. This didn't catch on in any meaningful way. He also tried to ally the European princes to fight the Turks - an all-out Christians vs. Pagans war, with Europe in the balance. He didn't succeed at that, either, and died just a eighteen months into his papacy.

*well, not technically. His hometown is now in the Netherlands; at the time it was a region controlled by the Holy Roman Empire, which officially makes him a German pope.